Diabetes (also called diabetes mellitus) is a chronic (ongoing) condition characterized by high blood glucose (blood sugar) levels due to the body’s inability to produce or respond to insulin, a hormone that allows blood glucose to enter the cells of the body and be used for energy. The risk of diabetes (type 2 diabetes) increases with age, one in 6 people over 65 years report having diabetes, and nearly a fifth of people aged over 85 years. The most common type of diabetes in older people is type 2 diabetes. Major risk factors for diabetes include age, being overweight, and having a family history of diabetes. The rates of type 2 diabetes steadily increase with age. One of the reasons for this is increased insulin resistance with age. Factors that contribute to insulin resistance are decreased muscle mass (sarcopenia), overweight, and reduced physical activity in older people. In addition, the pancreas does not function as well as in younger people. Diabetes is an insidious disease and may develop over many years. For this reason, having regular blood sugar tests can help identify whether someone is having problems regulating their blood sugar early on.
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